Figure 47. Energy Intensity (Total Energy Consumption by Sector Relative to GDP)
Data Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, 2021 State Energy Data System (SEDS)
Analysis by CEC Economics
Highlight
Energy intensity of the residential sector and the industrial sector declined by 2.3% and 4.3%, respectively. After a surprise increase in energy intensity in the residential sector in 2020, it has resumed its trend of lower energy intensity.
Challenge
After nearly two decades of declining, energy consumption relative to GDP increased slightly (0.4%) from 2021 to 2022. The rare reversal is due to the reopening of the economy post-pandemic when leisure, hospitality, and travel activities rebounded sharply—year-over-year energy intensity grew 3.3% in the transportation sector and 2.4% in the commercial sector.